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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CLOCK</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Clock_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Clock (disambiguation)">Clock (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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<table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">CLOCK</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&amp;term=O08785%20or%20O15516%20or%20C9JK03">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:O08785,O15516,C9JK03">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4H10">4H10</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/2082">CLOCK</a></span>, KAT13D, bHLHe8, clock circadian regulator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/601851">601851</a>; <a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:99698">99698</a>; <a href="HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=homologene&amp;dopt=HomoloGene&amp;list_uids=3603">3603</a>; <a href="GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CLOCK">CLOCK</a>; <a href="Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000134852">CLOCK - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Chromosome_4_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 4 (human)">Chromosome 4 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 80.401469222369px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 86.4px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">4q12</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">55,427,903 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">55,546,909 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">Chromosome 5 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 142.61163091021px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 148.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">5 C3.3|5 40.63 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">76,357,715 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">76,452,639 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000134852">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">secondary oocyte</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">germinal epithelium</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">caput epididymis</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">tail of epididymis</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">retinal pigment epithelium</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">testicle</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibialis anterior muscle</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibia</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">gingival epithelium</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">lower lobe of lung</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000029238">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">retinal pigment epithelium</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">zygote</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">ciliary body</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">secondary oocyte</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">epithelium of lens</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">conjunctival fornix</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of external ear</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">left colon</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">aorta</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">ascending aorta</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000134852">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/9575/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016740">transferase activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003677">DNA binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043565">sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046983">protein dimerization activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003700">DNA-binding transcription factor activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004402">histone acetyltransferase activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000978">RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14864824" class="extiw external" title="d:Q14864824">transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070888">E-box binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001046">core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031490">chromatin DNA binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016746">acyltransferase activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000981">DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001228">DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033391">chromatoid body</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043231">intracellular membrane-bounded organelle</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005667">transcription regulator complex</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005694">chromosome</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005654">nucleoplasm</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005829">cytosol</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000323">negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050729">positive regulation of inflammatory response</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006355">regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009648">photoperiodism</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050796">regulation of insulin secretion</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048511">rhythmic process</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006357">regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000077">DNA damage checkpoint signaling</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000074">regulation of type B pancreatic cell development</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006366">transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032922">circadian regulation of gene expression</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006351">transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051775">response to redox state</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006974">cellular response to DNA damage stimulus</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051092">positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007623">circadian rhythm</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007283">spermatogenesis</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042634">regulation of hair cycle</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071479">cellular response to ionizing radiation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045892">negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007165">signal transduction</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045944">positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043161">proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016573">histone acetylation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006473">protein acetylation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042752">regulation of circadian rhythm</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&amp;cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=9575&amp;rn=1">9575</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&amp;cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=12753&amp;rn=1">12753</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000134852;db=core">ENSG00000134852</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000029238;db=core">ENSMUSG00000029238</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O15516">O15516</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O08785">O08785</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001267843">NM_001267843</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_004898">NM_004898</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_007715">NM_007715</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001289826">NM_001289826</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001305222">NM_001305222</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001254772">NP_001254772</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_004889">NP_004889</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001276755">NP_001276755</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001292151">NP_001292151</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_031741">NP_031741</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&amp;db=hg38&amp;position=chr4:55427903-55546909">Chr 4: 55.43 – 55.55 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&amp;db=mm0&amp;position=chr5:76357715-76452639">Chr 5: 76.36 – 76.45 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14908739" class="extiw external" title="d:Q14908739">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14908747" class="extiw external" title="d:Q14908747">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>CLOCK</b></i> (<a href="Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> for <b>circadian locomotor output cycles kaput</b>) is a <a href="Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> encoding a <a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">basic helix-loop-helix</a>-<a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a> <a href="Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a> that is known to affect both the persistence and <a href="Period_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (physics)">period</a> of <a href="Circadian_rhythms" class="mw-redirect" title="Circadian rhythms">circadian rhythms</a>.
</p><p>Research shows that the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=CLOCK">CLOCK</a></i> gene plays a major role as an <a href="Activator_(genetics)" title="Activator (genetics)">activator</a> of downstream elements in the pathway critical to the generation of <a href="Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walton_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walton-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_1999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap_1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2></div>
<p>The <i>CLOCK</i> gene was first identified in 1997 by <a href="Joseph_Takahashi" title="Joseph Takahashi">Joseph Takahashi</a> and his colleagues. Takahashi used forward mutagenesis screening of mice treated with <a href="ENU" title="ENU">N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea</a> to create and identify <a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">mutations</a> in key genes that broadly affect circadian activity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9160755_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9160755-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>CLOCK</i> mutants discovered through the screen displayed an abnormally long period of daily activity. This trait proved to be <a href="Heritable" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritable">heritable</a>. Mice bred to be <a href="Heterozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterozygous">heterozygous</a> showed longer periods of 24.4 hours compared to the control 23.3 hour period. Mice <a href="Homozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Homozygous">homozygous</a> for the mutation showed 27.3 hour periods, but eventually lost all circadian rhythmicity after several days in constant darkness.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8171325_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8171325-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That showed that "intact <i>CLOCK</i> genes" are necessary for normal mammalian circadian function, as these mutations were semidominant.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8171325_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8171325-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div>
<p>CLOCK protein has been found to play a central role as a transcription factor in the circadian pacemaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardin_2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardin_2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="Drosophila" title="Drosophila">Drosophila</a></i>, newly synthesized CLOCK (CLK) is hypophosphorylated in the <a href="Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a> before entering the nucleus. Once in the nuclei, CLK is localized in nuclear foci and is later redistributed homogeneously. CYCLE (CYC) (also known as dBMAL for the <a href="BMAL1" class="mw-redirect" title="BMAL1">BMAL1</a> <a href="Ortholog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortholog">ortholog</a> in mammals) dimerizes with CLK via their respective <a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS domains</a>. This dimer then recruits co-activator <a href="CREB-binding_protein" title="CREB-binding protein">CREB-binding protein</a> (CBP) and is further phosphorylated.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once phosphorylated, this CLK-CYC complex binds to the <a href="E-box" title="E-box">E-box</a> elements of the promoters of <a href="Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">period</a> (per) and <a href="Timeless_(gene)" title="Timeless (gene)">timeless</a> (tim) via its bHLH domain, causing the stimulation of gene expression of <i>per</i> and <i>tim</i>. A large molar excess of period (PER) and timeless (TIM) proteins causes formation of the PER-TIM heterodimer which prevents the CLK-CYC heterodimer from binding to the E-boxes of <i>per</i> and <i>tim</i>, essentially blocking <i>per</i> and <i>tim</i> transcription.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_1999_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap_1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yu_2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CLK is <a href="Hyperphosphorylated" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperphosphorylated">hyperphosphorylated</a> when <a href="Doubletime_(gene)" title="Doubletime (gene)">doubletime</a> (DBT) <a href="Protein_kinase" title="Protein kinase">kinase</a> interacts with the CLK-CYC complex in a PER reliant manner, destabilizing both CLK and PER, leading to the degradation of both proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-Yu_2006_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hypophosphorylated CLK then accumulates, binds to the E-boxes of <i>per</i> and <i>tim</i> and activates their transcription once again.<sup id="cite_ref-Yu_2006_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This cycle of post-translational phosphorylation suggest that temporal phosphorylation of CLK helps in the timing mechanism of the circadian clock.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_2009_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A similar model is found in mice, in which BMAL1 dimerizes with CLOCK to activate <i>per</i> and <i><a href="Cryptochrome" title="Cryptochrome">cryptochrome</a></i> (<i>cry</i>) transcription. PER and CRY proteins form a heterodimer which acts on the CLOCK-BMAL heterodimer to repress the transcription of <i>per</i> and <i>cry</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9616112_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9616112-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heterodimer CLOCK:BMAL1 functions similarly to other transcriptional activator complexes; CLOCK:BMAL1 interacts with the E-box regulatory elements. PER and CRY proteins accumulate and dimerize during subjective night, and translocate into the nucleus to interact with the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex, directly inhibiting their own expression. This research has been conducted and validated through crystallographic analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22653727_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22653727-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>CLOCK exhibits <a href="Histone_acetyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Histone acetyl transferase">histone acetyl transferase</a> (HAT) activity, which is enhanced by <a href="Dimerization_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimerization (chemistry)">dimerization</a> with BMAL1.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16678094_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16678094-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Paolo Sassone-Corsi and colleagues demonstrated <i><a href="In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> that CLOCK mediated HAT activity is necessary to rescue circadian rhythms in Clock mutants.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16678094_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16678094-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_other_feedback_loops">Role in other feedback loops</h3></div>
<p>The CLOCK-BMAL dimer is involved in regulation of other genes and feedback loops. An enzyme <a href="SIRT1" class="mw-redirect" title="SIRT1">SIRT1</a> also binds to the CLOCK-BMAL complex and acts to suppress its activity, perhaps by <a href="Deacetylation" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacetylation">deacetylation</a> of <i>Bmal1</i> and surrounding <a href="Histones" class="mw-redirect" title="Histones">histones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18662547_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18662547-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, SIRT1's role is still controversial and it may also have a role in deacetylating PER protein, targeting it for degradation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18662546_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18662546-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The CLOCK-BMAL dimer acts as a positive limb of a feedback loop. The binding of CLOCK-BMAL to an E-box promoter element activates transcription of clock genes such as <i>per</i>1, 2, and 3 and <i>tim</i> in mice. It has been shown in mice that CLOCK-BMAL also activates the <a href="Nicotinamide_phosphoribosyltransferase" title="Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase">Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase</a> gene (also called <i>Nampt</i>), part of a separate feedback loop. This feedback loop creates a metabolic oscillator. The CLOCK-BMAL dimer activates transcription of the <i>Nampt</i> gene, which codes for the NAMPT protein. NAMPT is part of a series of enzymatic reactions that covert <a href="Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">niacin</a> (also called <a href="Nicotinamide" title="Nicotinamide">nicotinamide</a>) to <a href="Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide">NAD</a>. SIRT1, which requires NAD for its enzymatic activity, then uses increased NAD levels to suppress BMAL1 through deacetylation. This suppression results in less transcription of the NAMPT, less NAMPT protein, less NAD made, and therefore less SIRT1 and less suppression of the CLOCK-BMAL dimer. This dimer can again positively activate the <i>Nampt</i> gene transcription and the cycle continues, creating another oscillatory loop involving CLOCK-BMAL as positive elements. The key role that <i>Clock</i> plays in metabolic and circadian loops highlights the close relationship between metabolism and circadian clocks.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19299583_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19299583-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3></div>
<p>The first <a href="Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythms</a> were most likely generated by light-driven cell division cycles in ancestral <a href="Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryotic</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-Tauber_2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tauber_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This proto-rhythm later evolved into a self-sustaining clock via <a href="Gene_duplication" title="Gene duplication">gene duplication</a> and functional divergence of clock genes. The <a href="KaiABC" class="mw-redirect" title="KaiABC"><i>kaiA</i>/<i>B</i>/<i>C</i></a> gene clusters remain the oldest of the clock genes as they are present in <a href="Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>, with <i>kai</i>C most likely the ancestor of <i>kai</i>A and <i>kaiB.<sup id="cite_ref-Tauber_2004_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tauber_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> The function of these ancestral clock genes was most likely related to chromosome function before evolving a timing mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-Tauber_2004_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tauber_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>kai</i>A and <i>kai</i>B genes arose after cyanobacteria separated from other prokaryotes.<sup id="cite_ref-Dvornyk_2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dvornyk_2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harsh climate conditions in the early history of the Earth’s formation, such as UV irradiation, may have led to the diversification of clock genes in prokaryotes in response to drastic changes in climate.<sup id="cite_ref-Dvornyk_2003_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dvornyk_2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Cryptochrome" title="Cryptochrome">Cryptochromes</a>, light-sensitive proteins regulated by <a href="CRY1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CRY1 (gene)"><i>Cry</i> genes</a>, are most likely descendents of <i>kaiC</i> resulting from a genome duplication predating the <a href="Cambrian_explosion" title="Cambrian explosion">Cambrian explosion</a> and are responsible for negative regulation of circadian clocks. Other distinct clock gene lineages arose early in vertebrate evolution, with gene BMAL1 <a href="Paralog" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralog">paralogous</a> to CLOCK. Their common ancestor, however, most likely predated the <a href="Evolution_of_insects" title="Evolution of insects">insect-vertebrate split</a> roughly 500 mya.<sup id="cite_ref-Tauber_2004_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tauber_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WC1, an analog of CLOCK/BMAL1 found in fungal genomes, is a proposed candidate common ancestor predating the <a href="Evolution_of_fungi" title="Evolution of fungi">fungi-animal split</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tauber_2004_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tauber_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A BLAST search conducted in a 2004 review of clock gene evolution suggested the <i>Clock</i> gene may have arisen from a duplication in the BMAL1 gene, though this hypothesis remains speculative.<sup id="cite_ref-Tauber_2004_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tauber_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theory alternatively proposes the NPAS2 gene as the paralog of CLOCK that performs a similar role in the circadian rhythm pathway but in different tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-Layeghifard_2008_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Layeghifard_2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variant_allele_forms">Variant allele forms</h3></div>
<p>Allelic variations within the Clock1a gene in particular are hypothesized to have effects on seasonal timing according to a 2014 study conducted in a population of cyprinid fishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Krabbenhoft_2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krabbenhoft_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polymorphisms in the gene mainly affect the length of the PolyQ domain region, providing an example of <a href="Divergent_evolution" title="Divergent evolution">divergent evolution</a> where species sharing an <a href="Ecological_niche" title="Ecological niche">ecological niche</a> will partition resources in seasonally variable environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Krabbenhoft_2014_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krabbenhoft_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The length of the PolyQ domain is associated with changes in transcription level of CLOCK. On average, longer allele lengths were correlated with recently derived species and earlier-spawning species, most likely due to seasonal changes in water temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-Krabbenhoft_2014_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krabbenhoft_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The researchers hypothesize that the length of the domain may serve to compensate for changes in temperature by altering the rate of CLOCK transcription. All other amino acids remained identical across native species, indicating that functional constraint may be another factor influencing CLOCK gene evolution in addition to gene duplication and <a href="Evolution" title="Evolution">diversification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Layeghifard_2008_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Layeghifard_2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krabbenhoft_2014_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krabbenhoft_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_mammalian_evolution">Role in mammalian evolution</h3></div>
<p>One 2017 study investigating the role of CLOCK expression in neurons determined its function in regulating transcriptional networks that could provide insight into human brain evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontenot_2017_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontenot_2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The researchers synthesized differentiated human neurons <a href="In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a> and then performed <a href="Gene_knockdown" title="Gene knockdown">gene knockdown</a> to test the effect of CLOCK on neuronal cell signaling. When CLOCK activity was disrupted, increased neuronal migration of tissue in the <a href="Neocortex" title="Neocortex">neocortex</a> was observed, suggesting a molecular mechanism for <a href="Human_brain_development_timeline" title="Human brain development timeline">cortical expansion</a> unique to human brain development.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontenot_2017_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontenot_2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the precise role of CLOCK in metabolic regulation of cortical neurons remains to be determined. Another study looking at the relationship between CLOCK polymorphisms in the <a href="3'_flanking_region" class="mw-redirect" title="3' flanking region">3’ flanking region</a> and morning/evening preference in adults found a correlation between subjects with the 3111C allele and preference for evening hours based on answers provided in a scored questionnaire.<sup id="cite_ref-Katzenberg_1998_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzenberg_1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This region is well conserved between mice and humans and <a href="Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphisms</a> have been shown to affect mRNA stability, indicating allelic variants could disrupt normal circadian patterns in mammals leading to conditions such as <a href="Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a> or other sleep disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-Katzenberg_1998_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzenberg_1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mutants">Mutants</h2></div>
<p><i>Clock</i> mutant organisms can either possess a null mutation or an <a href="Muller's_morphs" title="Muller's morphs">antimorphic</a> allele at the <i>Clock</i> locus that codes for an antagonist to the wild-type protein. The presence of an antimorphic protein downregulates the transcriptional products normally upregulated by <i>Clock</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12015981_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12015981-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drosophila"><i>Drosophila</i></h3></div>
<p>In <i>Drosophila</i>, a mutant form of <i>Clock</i> (<i>Jrk</i>) was identified by Allada, <a href="Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, and <a href="Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a> in 1998. The team used <a href="Forward_genetics" title="Forward genetics">forward genetics</a> to identify non-circadian rhythms in mutant flies. <i>Jrk</i> results from a premature <a href="Stop_codon" title="Stop codon">stop codon</a> that eliminates the activation domain of the CLOCK protein. This mutation causes dominant effects: half of the heterozygous flies with this mutant gene have a lengthened period of 24.8 hours, while the other half become arrhythmic. Homozygous flies lose their circadian rhythm. Furthermore, the same researchers demonstrated that these mutant flies express low levels of PER and TIM proteins, indicating that <i>Clock</i> functions as a positive element in the circadian loop. While the mutation affects the circadian clock of the fly, it does not cause any physiological or behavioral defects.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9630223_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9630223-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The similar sequence between <i>Jrk</i> and its mouse <a href="Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homolog</a> suggests common circadian rhythm components were present in both <i>Drosophila</i> and mice ancestors. A recessive allele of <i>Clock</i> leads to behavioral arrhythmicity while maintaining detectable molecular and transcriptional oscillations. This suggests that <i>Clk</i> contributes to the amplitude of circadian rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid165643_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid165643-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mice">Mice</h3></div>
<p>The mouse homolog to the <i>Jrk</i> mutant is the <i>ClockΔ19</i> mutant that possesses a deletion in exon 19 of the <i>Clock</i> gene. This dominant-negative mutation results in a defective CLOCK-BMAL dimer, which causes mice to have a decreased ability to activate <i>per</i> transcription. In constant darkness, <i>ClockΔ19</i> mice heterozygous for the <i>Clock</i> mutant allele exhibit lengthened circadian periods, while <i>ClockΔ19/Δ19</i> mice homozygous for the allele become arrhythmic.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8171325_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8171325-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both heterozygotes and homozygotes, this mutation also produces lengthened periods and arrhythmicity at the single-cell level.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10196587_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10196587-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>Clock -/-</i> null mutant mice, in which <i>Clock</i> has been knocked out, display completely normal circadian rhythms. The discovery of a null <i>Clock</i> mutant with a wild-type phenotype directly challenged the widely accepted premise that <i>Clock</i> is necessary for normal circadian function. Furthermore, it suggested that the CLOCK-BMAL1 dimer need not exist to modulate other elements of the circadian pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16675400_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16675400-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neuronal PAS domain containing protein 2 (<a href="NPAS2" title="NPAS2">NPAS2</a>, a CLOCK <a href="Paralogues" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralogues">paralog</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) can substitute for CLOCK in these <i>Clock</i>-null mice. Mice with one NPAS2 <a href="Allele" title="Allele">allele</a> showed shorter periods at first, but eventual arrhythmic behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17417633_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17417633-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observed_effects">Observed effects</h2></div>
<p>In humans, a <a href="Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphism</a> in <i>Clock</i>, rs6832769, may be related to the <a href="Personality_trait" class="mw-redirect" title="Personality trait">personality trait</a> <a href="Agreeableness" title="Agreeableness">agreeableness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18957941_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18957941-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another <a href="Single_nucleotide_polymorphism" class="mw-redirect" title="Single nucleotide polymorphism">single nucleotide polymorphism</a> (SNP) in <i>Clock</i>, 3111C, associated with <a href="Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> preference,<sup id="cite_ref-Katzenberg_1998_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzenberg_1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also associated with increased <a href="Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> difficulty losing weight,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and recurrence of major depressive episodes in patients with <a href="Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In mice, <i>Clock</i> has been implicated in <a href="Sleep_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep disorders">sleep disorders</a>, <a href="Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a>, <a href="Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, and <a href="Mood_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Mood disorders">mood disorders</a>. <i>Clock</i> mutant mice sleep less than normal mice each day.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11050136_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11050136-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mice also display altered levels of plasma <a href="Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> and rhythms in food intake.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15845877_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15845877-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mutants develop <a href="Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a> symptoms over time.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15845877_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15845877-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, <i>Clock</i> mutants demonstrate disrupted <a href="Estrous_cycle" title="Estrous cycle">estrous cycles</a> and increased rates of full-term pregnancy failure.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15296754_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15296754-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutant <i>Clock</i> has also been linked to bipolar disorder-like symptoms in mice, including <a href="Mania" title="Mania">mania</a> and <a href="Euphoria" title="Euphoria">euphoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17395264_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17395264-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Clock</i> mutant mice also exhibit increased excitability of <a href="Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a> neurons in reward centers of the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These results have led <a href="Colleen_McClung" title="Colleen McClung">Colleen McClung</a> to propose using <i>Clock</i> mutant mice as a model for human mood and behavior disorders.
</p><p>The CLOCK-BMAL dimer has also been shown to activate reverse-erb receptor alpha (<a href="Rev-ErbA_alpha" title="Rev-ErbA alpha">Rev-ErbA alpha</a>) and retinoic acid orphan receptor alpha (<a href="ROR-alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="ROR-alpha">ROR-alpha</a>). REV-ERBα and RORα regulate <i>Bmal</i> by binding to retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (ROREs) in its promoter.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12150932_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12150932-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16267379_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16267379-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Variations in the <a href="Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetics</a> of the <i>Clock</i> gene may lead to an increased risk of <a href="Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was found that in women with breast cancer, there was significantly less methylation of the <i>Clock</i> promoter region. It was also noted that this effect was greater in women with estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative tumors.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20124474_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20124474-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The CLOCK gene may also be a target for somatic mutations in microsatellite unstable <a href="Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancers</a>. In one study, 53% of microsatellite instability colorectal cancer cases contained somatic CLOCK mutations.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20551151_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20551151-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nascent research in the expression of circadian genes in adipose tissue suggests that suppression of the CLOCK gene may causally correlate not only with obesity, but also with type 2 diabetes,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23801717_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23801717-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with quantitative physical responses to circadian food intake as potential inputs to the clock system.<sup id="cite_ref-PMC4078443_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMC4078443-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="BMAL1" class="mw-redirect" title="BMAL1">BMAL1</a> gene</li>
<li><a href="Cycle_(gene)" title="Cycle (gene)">Cycle gene</a></li>
<li><a href="Familial_sleep_traits" title="Familial sleep traits">Familial sleep traits</a></li>
<li><a href="PDF_(gene)" title="PDF (gene)">PDF (gene)</a></li>
<li><a href="Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">Period gene</a></li>
<li><a href="Pigment_dispersing_factor" title="Pigment dispersing factor">Pigment dispersing factor</a> (pdf)</li>
<li><a href="Suprachiasmatic_nucleus" title="Suprachiasmatic nucleus">Suprachiasmatic nucleus</a></li>
<li><a href="Timeless_(gene)" title="Timeless (gene)">Timeless gene</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWager-SmithKay2000" class="citation journal cs1">Wager-Smith K, Kay SA (September 2000). "Circadian rhythm genetics: from flies to mice to humans". <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>26</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">23–</span>27. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F79134">10.1038/79134</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10973243">10973243</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6923885">6923885</a>.</cite></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Clock+protein">Clock+protein</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.circadian.org/dictionary.html">Dictionary of Circadian Physiology</a></li>
<li>Human <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&amp;singleSearch=knownCanonical&amp;position=CLOCK"><i>CLOCK</i></a> genome location and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&amp;hgg_type=knownGene&amp;hgg_gene=CLOCK"><i>CLOCK</i></a> gene details page in the <a href="UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li></ul>
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</style><div id="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">Transcription factors</a> and <a href="Intracellular_receptor" title="Intracellular receptor">intracellular receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(1)_Basic_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(1) Basic domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.1) Basic</i> <a href="Leucine_zipper" title="Leucine zipper">leucine zipper</a> (<a href="BZIP_domain" title="BZIP domain">bZIP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Activating_transcription_factor" title="Activating transcription factor">Activating transcription factor</a>
<ul><li><a href="Apoptosis-antagonizing_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor">AATF</a></li>
<li><a href="ATF1" title="ATF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="Activating_transcription_factor_2" title="Activating transcription factor 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ATF3" title="ATF3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="ATF4" title="ATF4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="ATF5" title="ATF5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="ATF6" title="ATF6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="ATF7" title="ATF7">7</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="AP-1_transcription_factor" title="AP-1 transcription factor">AP-1</a>
<ul><li><a href="C-Fos" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Fos">c-Fos</a></li>
<li><a href="FOSB" title="FOSB">FOSB</a></li>
<li><a href="FOSL1" title="FOSL1">FOSL1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOSL2" title="FOSL2">FOSL2</a></li>
<li><a href="Jun_dimerization_protein" title="Jun dimerization protein">JDP2</a></li>
<li><a href="C-jun" class="mw-redirect" title="C-jun">c-Jun</a></li>
<li><a href="JUNB" title="JUNB">JUNB</a></li>
<li><a href="JunD" title="JunD">JunD</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>BACH</i>
<ul><li><a href="BACH1" title="BACH1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="BACH2" title="BACH2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="BATF_(gene)" title="BATF (gene)">BATF</a></li>
<li><a href="BLZF1" class="mw-redirect" title="BLZF1">BLZF1</a></li>
<li><a href="Ccaat-enhancer-binding_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins">C/EBP</a>
<ul><li><a href="CEBPA" title="CEBPA">α</a></li>
<li><a href="CEBPB" title="CEBPB">β</a></li>
<li><a href="CEBPG" title="CEBPG">γ</a></li>
<li><a href="CEBPD" title="CEBPD">δ</a></li>
<li><a href="CEBPE" title="CEBPE">ε</a></li>
<li><a href="CCAAT/enhancer_binding_protein_zeta" title="CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta">ζ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="CREB" title="CREB">CREB</a>
<ul><li><a href="CREB1" title="CREB1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="CREB3" title="CREB3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="CREBL1" title="CREBL1">L1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="CAMP_responsive_element_modulator" title="CAMP responsive element modulator">CREM</a></li>
<li><a href="DBP_(gene)" title="DBP (gene)">DBP</a></li>
<li><a href="DNA_damage-inducible_transcript_3" title="DNA damage-inducible transcript 3">DDIT3</a></li>
<li><a href="GABPA" title="GABPA">GABPA</a></li>
<li><a href="Gcn4" title="Gcn4">GCN4</a></li>
<li><a href="HLF_(gene)" title="HLF (gene)">HLF</a></li>
<li><a href="MAF_(gene)" title="MAF (gene)">MAF</a>
<ul><li><a href="MAFB_(gene)" title="MAFB (gene)">B</a></li>
<li><a href="Small_Maf" title="Small Maf">sMaf</a>
<ul><li><a href="MAFF_(gene)" title="MAFF (gene)">F</a></li>
<li><a href="MAFG" title="MAFG">G</a></li>
<li><a href="MAFK" title="MAFK">K</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><i>NFE</i>
<ul><li><a href="NFE2" title="NFE2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="NFE2L1" title="NFE2L1">L1</a></li>
<li><a href="NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">L2</a></li>
<li><a href="NFE2L3" title="NFE2L3">L3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="NFIL3" title="NFIL3">NFIL3</a></li>
<li><a href="NRL_(gene)" title="NRL (gene)">NRL</a></li>
<li><i>NRF</i>
<ul><li><a href="NRF1" title="NRF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="NFE2L3" title="NFE2L3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="XBP1" title="XBP1">XBP1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix</i> (<a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">bHLH</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group A</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Achaete-scute_complex" title="Achaete-scute complex">AS-C</a>
<ul><li><a href="ASCL1" title="ASCL1">ASCL1</a></li>
<li><a href="ASCL2" title="ASCL2">ASCL2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="ATOH1" title="ATOH1">ATOH1</a></li>
<li><i>HAND</i>
<ul><li><a href="HAND1" title="HAND1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HAND2" title="HAND2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MESP2" title="MESP2">MESP2</a></li>
<li><a href="Myogenic_regulatory_factors" title="Myogenic regulatory factors">Myogenic regulatory factors</a>
<ul><li><a href="MyoD" title="MyoD">MyoD</a></li>
<li><a href="Myogenin" title="Myogenin">Myogenin</a></li>
<li><a href="MYF5" title="MYF5">MYF5</a></li>
<li><a href="MYF6" title="MYF6">MYF6</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="NeuroD" title="NeuroD">NeuroD</a>
<ul><li><a href="NEUROD1" title="NEUROD1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="NEUROD2" title="NEUROD2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Neurogenins" title="Neurogenins">Neurogenins</a>
<ul><li><a href="NEUROG1" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="NEUROG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="NEUROG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>OLIG</i>
<ul><li><a href="OLIG1" title="OLIG1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="OLIG2" title="OLIG2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>Paraxis</i>
<ul><li><a href="TCF15" class="mw-redirect" title="TCF15">TCF15</a></li>
<li><a href="Scleraxis" title="Scleraxis">Scleraxis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>SLC</i>
<ul><li><a href="LYL1" title="LYL1">LYL1</a></li>
<li><i>TAL</i>
<ul><li><a href="TAL1" title="TAL1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="TAL2" title="TAL2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Twist_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Twist transcription factor">Twist</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group B</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="FIGLA" title="FIGLA">FIGLA</a></li>
<li><a href="Myc" title="Myc">Myc</a>
<ul><li><a href="MYC" title="MYC">c-Myc</a></li>
<li><a href="MYCL" title="MYCL">l-Myc</a></li>
<li><a href="N-Myc" title="N-Myc">n-Myc</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MXD4" title="MXD4">MXD4</a></li>
<li><a href="TCF4" title="TCF4">TCF4</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group C<br>bHLH-<a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor">AhR</a></li>
<li><a href="Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_repressor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor">AHRR</a></li>
<li><a href="Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator">ARNT</a>
<ul><li><a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a></li>
<li><a href="ARNTL2" title="ARNTL2">ARNTL2</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hypoxia-inducible_factor" title="Hypoxia-inducible factor">HIF</a>
<ul><li><a href="HIF1A" title="HIF1A">1A</a></li>
<li><a href="EPAS1" title="EPAS1">EPAS1</a></li>
<li><a href="HIF3A" title="HIF3A">3A</a></li></ul></li>
<li>NPAS
<ul><li><a href="NPAS1" title="NPAS1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="NPAS2" title="NPAS2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="NPAS3" title="NPAS3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>PER</i>
<ul><li><a href="PER1" class="mw-redirect" title="PER1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PER2" title="PER2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="PER3" title="PER3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">Period</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>SIM</i>
<ul><li><a href="SIM1" title="SIM1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="SIM2" title="SIM2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group D</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>BHLH</i>
<ul><li><a href="BHLHB2" title="BHLHB2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="BHLHB3" class="mw-redirect" title="BHLHB3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="BHLHA9" title="BHLHA9">9</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Pho4" title="Pho4">Pho4</a></li>
<li><i>ID</i>
<ul><li><a href="ID1" title="ID1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="ID2" title="ID2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ID3_(gene)" title="ID3 (gene)">3</a></li>
<li><a href="ID4" title="ID4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group E</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>HES</i>
<ul><li><a href="HES1" title="HES1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="Hes_family_bhlh_transcription_factor_2" title="Hes family bhlh transcription factor 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="HES3" title="HES3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="HES4" title="HES4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="HES5" title="HES5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="HES6" title="HES6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="HES7_gene" title="HES7 gene">7</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>HEY</i>
<ul><li><a href="HEY1" title="HEY1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HEY2" title="HEY2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="HEYL" title="HEYL">L</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group F<br>bHLH-COE</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="EBF1" title="EBF1">EBF1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.3)</i> <a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix_leucine_zipper_transcription_factors" title="Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors">bHLH-ZIP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="TFAP4" title="TFAP4">AP-4</a></li>
<li><a href="MAX_(gene)" title="MAX (gene)">MAX</a>
<ul><li><a href="MXD1" title="MXD1">MXD1</a></li>
<li><a href="MXD3" title="MXD3">MXD3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Microphthalmia-associated_transcription_factor" title="Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor">MITF</a></li>
<li><a href="MNT_(gene)" title="MNT (gene)">MNT</a></li>
<li><a href="MLX_(gene)" title="MLX (gene)">MLX</a></li>
<li><a href="Carbohydrate-responsive_element-binding_protein" title="Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein">MLXIPL</a></li>
<li><a href="MXI1" title="MXI1">MXI1</a></li>
<li><a href="Myc" title="Myc">Myc</a></li>
<li><a href="Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein" title="Sterol regulatory element-binding protein">SREBP</a>
<ul><li><a href="SREBF1" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="SREBF2" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="USF1" title="USF1">USF1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.4) NF-1</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nuclear_factor_I" title="Nuclear factor I">NFI</a>
<ul><li><a href="NFIA" title="NFIA">A</a></li>
<li><a href="NFIB_(gene)" title="NFIB (gene)">B</a></li>
<li><a href="NFIC_(gene)" title="NFIC (gene)">C</a></li>
<li><a href="NFIX" title="NFIX">X</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="SMAD_(protein)" title="SMAD (protein)">SMAD</a>
<ul><li><a href="R-SMAD" title="R-SMAD">R-SMAD</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_1" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_2" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_3" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_5" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_9" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9">9</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="I-SMAD" title="I-SMAD">I-SMAD</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_6" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7">7</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_4" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4">4</a>)</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.5) RF-X</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>RFX</i>
<ul><li><a href="RFX1" title="RFX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="RFX2" title="RFX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="RFX3" title="RFX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="RFX4" title="RFX4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="RFX5" title="RFX5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="RFX6" title="RFX6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="RFXANK" title="RFXANK">ANK</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Activating_protein_2" title="Activating protein 2">AP-2</a>
<ul><li><a href="TFAP2A" title="TFAP2A">α</a></li>
<li><a href="TFAP2B" title="TFAP2B">β</a></li>
<li><a href="TFAP2C" title="TFAP2C">γ</a></li>
<li><a href="TFAP2D" title="TFAP2D">δ</a></li>
<li><a href="TFAP2E" title="TFAP2E">ε</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(2)_Zinc_finger_DNA-binding_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(2)</i> <a href="Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">Zinc finger</a> DNA-binding domains</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.1)</i> <a href="Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a> <i>(Cys<sub>4</sub>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 1</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Thyroid_hormone_receptor" title="Thyroid hormone receptor">Thyroid hormone</a>
<ul><li><a href="Thyroid_hormone_receptor_alpha" title="Thyroid hormone receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Thyroid_hormone_receptor_beta" title="Thyroid hormone receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Constitutive_androstane_receptor" title="Constitutive androstane receptor">CAR</a></li>
<li><a href="Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</a></li>
<li><a href="Liver_X_receptor" title="Liver X receptor">LXR</a>
<ul><li><a href="Liver_X_receptor_alpha" title="Liver X receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Liver_X_receptor_beta" title="Liver X receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a>
<ul><li><a href="Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_alpha" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_delta" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta">β/δ</a></li>
<li><a href="Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor">PXR</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoic_acid_receptor" title="Retinoic acid receptor">RAR</a>
<ul><li><a href="Retinoic_acid_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoic acid receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoic_acid_receptor_beta" title="Retinoic acid receptor beta">β</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoic_acid_receptor_gamma" title="Retinoic acid receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="RAR-related_orphan_receptor" title="RAR-related orphan receptor">ROR</a>
<ul><li><a href="RAR-related_orphan_receptor_alpha" title="RAR-related orphan receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="RAR-related_orphan_receptor_beta" title="RAR-related orphan receptor beta">β</a></li>
<li><a href="RAR-related_orphan_receptor_gamma" title="RAR-related orphan receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Rev-ErbA" class="mw-redirect" title="Rev-ErbA">Rev-ErbA</a>
<ul><li><a href="Rev-ErbA_alpha" title="Rev-ErbA alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Rev-ErbA_beta" title="Rev-ErbA beta">β</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Calcitriol_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcitriol receptor">VDR</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 2</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chicken_ovalbumin_upstream_promoter-transcription_factor" title="Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor">COUP-TF</a>
<ul><li>(<a href="COUP-TFI" title="COUP-TFI">I</a></li>
<li><a href="COUP-TFII" title="COUP-TFII">II</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="V-erbA-related_gene" title="V-erbA-related gene">Ear-2</a></li>
<li><a href="Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4">HNF4</a>
<ul><li><a href="Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4_alpha" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4_gamma" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Photoreceptor_cell-specific_nuclear_receptor" title="Photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor">PNR</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoid_X_receptor" title="Retinoid X receptor">RXR</a>
<ul><li><a href="Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoid X receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoid_X_receptor_beta" title="Retinoid X receptor beta">β</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoid_X_receptor_gamma" title="Retinoid X receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Testicular_receptor" title="Testicular receptor">Testicular receptor</a>
<ul><li><a href="Testicular_receptor_2" title="Testicular receptor 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="Testicular_receptor_4" title="Testicular receptor 4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="TLX" title="TLX">TLX</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 3</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Steroid_hormone_receptor" title="Steroid hormone receptor">Steroid hormone</a>
<ul><li><a href="Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">Androgen</a></li>
<li><a href="Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">Estrogen</a>
<ul><li><a href="Estrogen_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Estrogen_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid</a></li>
<li><a href="Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid</a></li>
<li><a href="Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">Progesterone</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Estrogen-related_receptor" title="Estrogen-related receptor">Estrogen related</a>
<ul><li><a href="Estrogen-related_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen-related receptor alpha">α</a></li>
<li><a href="Estrogen-related_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen-related receptor beta">β</a></li>
<li><a href="Estrogen-related_receptor_gamma" title="Estrogen-related receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 4</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nur_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur (biology)">NUR</a>
<ul><li><a href="Nuclear_receptor_4A1" title="Nuclear receptor 4A1">NGFIB</a></li>
<li><a href="Nuclear_receptor_4A3" title="Nuclear receptor 4A3">NOR1</a></li>
<li><a href="Nuclear_receptor_4A2" title="Nuclear receptor 4A2">NURR1</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 5</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Liver_receptor_homolog-1" title="Liver receptor homolog-1">LRH-1</a></li>
<li><a href="Steroidogenic_factor_1" title="Steroidogenic factor 1">SF1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 6</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Germ_cell_nuclear_factor" title="Germ cell nuclear factor">GCNF</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 0</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="DAX1" title="DAX1">DAX1</a></li>
<li><a href="Small_heterodimer_partner" title="Small heterodimer partner">SHP</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.2) Other Cys<sub>4</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="GATA_transcription_factor" title="GATA transcription factor">GATA</a>
<ul><li><a href="GATA1" title="GATA1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="GATA2" title="GATA2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="GATA3" title="GATA3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="GATA4" title="GATA4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="GATA5" title="GATA5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="GATA6" title="GATA6">6</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>MTA</i>
<ul><li><a href="MTA1" title="MTA1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="MTA2" title="MTA2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="MTA3" title="MTA3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Tricho-rhino-phalangeal_syndrome_Type_1" title="Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome Type 1">TRPS1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.3) Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="General_transcription_factor" title="General transcription factor">General transcription factors</a>
<ul><li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_A" title="Transcription factor II A">TFIIA</a></li>
<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_B" title="Transcription factor II B">TFIIB</a></li>
<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_D" title="Transcription factor II D">TFIID</a></li>
<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_E" title="Transcription factor II E">TFIIE</a>
<ul><li><a href="GTF2E1" title="GTF2E1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2E2" title="GTF2E2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_F" title="Transcription factor II F">TFIIF</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2F1" title="GTF2F1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2F2" title="GTF2F2">2</a>
<ul><li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_H" title="Transcription factor II H">TFIIH</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2H1" title="GTF2H1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2H2" title="GTF2H2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2H4" title="GTF2H4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF2I" title="GTF2I">2I</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF3A" title="GTF3A">3A</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF3C1" title="GTF3C1">3C1</a></li>
<li><a href="GTF3C2" title="GTF3C2">3C2</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="ATBF1" title="ATBF1">ATBF1</a></li>
<li><i><a href="B-cell_CLL/lymphoma" title="B-cell CLL/lymphoma">BCL</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="BCL6" title="BCL6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="BCL11A" title="BCL11A">11A</a></li>
<li><a href="BCL11B" title="BCL11B">11B</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="CTCF" title="CTCF">CTCF</a></li>
<li><a href="E4F1" title="E4F1">E4F1</a></li>
<li><a href="Early_growth_response_proteins" title="Early growth response proteins">EGR</a>
<ul><li><a href="EGR1" title="EGR1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="EGR2" title="EGR2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="EGR3" title="EGR3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="EGR4" title="EGR4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="ERV3" title="ERV3">ERV3</a></li>
<li><a href="GFI1" title="GFI1">GFI1</a></li>
<li><i>GLI family</i>
<ul><li><a href="GLI1" title="GLI1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="GLI2" title="GLI2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="GLI3" title="GLI3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="RE1-silencing_transcription_factor" title="RE1-silencing transcription factor">REST</a></li>
<li><a href="GLIS1" title="GLIS1">S1</a></li>
<li><a href="GLIS2" title="GLIS2">S2</a></li>
<li><a href="YY1" title="YY1">YY1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>HIC</i>
<ul><li><a href="HIC1" title="HIC1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HIC2" title="HIC2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>HIVEP</i>
<ul><li><a href="HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HIVEP2" title="HIVEP2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="HIVEP3" title="HIVEP3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>IKZF</i>
<ul><li><a href="IKZF1" title="IKZF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="IKZF2" title="IKZF2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="IKZF3" title="IKZF3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>ILF</i>
<ul><li><a href="ILF2" title="ILF2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ILF3" title="ILF3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">Sp/KLF family</a>
<ul><li><i>KLF</i>
<ul><li><a href="KLF1" title="KLF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF2" title="KLF2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF3" title="KLF3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF4" title="KLF4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF5" title="KLF5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF6" title="KLF6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF7" title="KLF7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF8" title="KLF8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF9" title="KLF9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF10" title="KLF10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF11" title="KLF11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF12" title="KLF12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF13" title="KLF13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF14" title="KLF14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF15" title="KLF15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="KLF17" title="KLF17">17</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>SP</i>
<ul><li><a href="Sp1_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 transcription factor">1</a></li>
<li><a href="SP2_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="SP2 (gene)">2</a></li>
<li><a href="SP4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="SP4 (gene)">4</a></li>
<li><a href="Sp7_transcription_factor" title="Sp7 transcription factor">7</a></li>
<li><a href="Sp8_transcription_factor" title="Sp8 transcription factor">8</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MTF1" title="MTF1">MTF1</a></li>
<li><a href="MYT1" title="MYT1">MYT1</a></li>
<li><a href="OSR1" title="OSR1">OSR1</a></li>
<li><a href="PRDM9" title="PRDM9">PRDM9</a></li>
<li><i>SALL</i>
<ul><li><a href="SALL1" title="SALL1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="SALL2" title="SALL2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="SALL3" title="SALL3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="SALL4" title="SALL4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="TSHZ3" title="TSHZ3">TSHZ3</a></li>
<li><a href="WT1" class="mw-redirect" title="WT1">WT1</a></li>
<li><a href="Zbtb7" title="Zbtb7">Zbtb7</a>
<ul><li><a href="ZBTB7A" title="ZBTB7A">7A</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB7B" title="ZBTB7B">7B</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>ZBTB</i>
<ul><li><a href="ZBTB11" title="ZBTB11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="Zinc_finger_and_BTB_domain-containing_protein_16" title="Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB17" title="ZBTB17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB20" title="ZBTB20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB21" title="ZBTB21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB32" title="ZBTB32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB33" title="ZBTB33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="ZBTB40" title="ZBTB40">40</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>zinc finger</i>
<ul><li><a href="ZNF3" title="ZNF3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF7" title="ZNF7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="CNBP" title="CNBP">9</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF10" title="ZNF10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF19" title="ZNF19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF22" title="ZNF22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF24" title="ZNF24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF33B" title="ZNF33B">33B</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF34" title="ZNF34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF35" title="ZNF35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF41" title="ZNF41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF43" title="ZNF43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF44" title="ZNF44">44</a></li>
<li><a href="BCL6" title="BCL6">51</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF74" title="ZNF74">74</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF143" title="ZNF143">143</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF146" title="ZNF146">146</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF148" title="ZNF148">148</a></li>
<li><a href="Zinc_finger_protein_165" title="Zinc finger protein 165">165</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF202" title="ZNF202">202</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF217" title="ZNF217">217</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF219" title="ZNF219">219</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF238" title="ZNF238">238</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF239" title="ZNF239">239</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF259" title="ZNF259">259</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF267" title="ZNF267">267</a></li>
<li><a href="EGR1" title="EGR1">268</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF281" title="ZNF281">281</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF300" title="ZNF300">300</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF318" title="ZNF318">318</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF330" title="ZNF330">330</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF346" title="ZNF346">346</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF350" title="ZNF350">350</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF365" title="ZNF365">365</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF366" title="ZNF366">366</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF384" title="ZNF384">384</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF423" title="ZNF423">423</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF451" title="ZNF451">451</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF452" title="ZNF452">452</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF471" title="ZNF471">471</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF593" title="ZNF593">593</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF638" title="ZNF638">638</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF644" title="ZNF644">644</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF649" title="ZNF649">649</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF655" title="ZNF655">655</a></li>
<li><a href="ZNF804A" class="mw-redirect" title="ZNF804A">804A</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.4) Cys<sub>6</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">HIVEP1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.5) Alternating composition</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Autoimmune_regulator" title="Autoimmune regulator">AIRE</a></li>
<li><a href="DIDO1" title="DIDO1">DIDO1</a></li>
<li><a href="GRLF1" title="GRLF1">GRLF1</a></li>
<li><i>ING</i>
<ul><li><a href="ING1" title="ING1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="ING2" title="ING2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ING4" title="ING4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>JARID</i>
<ul><li><a href="KDM5A" title="KDM5A">1A</a></li>
<li><a href="KDM5B" class="mw-redirect" title="KDM5B">1B</a></li>
<li><a href="KDM5C" title="KDM5C">1C</a></li>
<li><a href="KDM5D" title="KDM5D">1D</a></li>
<li><a href="JARID2" title="JARID2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="KDM3B" title="KDM3B">JMJD1B</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.6) WRKY</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="WRKY_protein_domain" title="WRKY protein domain">WRKY</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(3)_Helix-turn-helix_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(3)</i> <a href="Helix-turn-helix" title="Helix-turn-helix">Helix-turn-helix</a> <i>domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.1)</i> <a href="Homeodomain_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeodomain fold">Homeodomain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="Antennapedia" title="Antennapedia">Antennapedia</a></i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>ANTP class</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>protoHOX</i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>Hox-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ParaHox" title="ParaHox">ParaHox</a>
<ul><li><a href="Gsx_(gene_family)" title="Gsx (gene family)">Gsx</a>
<ul><li><a href="GSX1" title="GSX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="GSX2" title="GSX2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Xlox" class="mw-redirect" title="Xlox">Xlox</a>
<ul><li><a href="PDX1" title="PDX1">PDX1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Cdx" title="Cdx">Cdx</a>
<ul><li><a href="CDX1" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="CDX2" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="CDX4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX4 (gene)">4</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>extended Hox: <a href="Evx1" title="Evx1">Evx1</a></li>
<li>Evx2</li>
<li><a href="MEOX1" title="MEOX1">MEOX1</a></li>
<li><a href="MEOX2" title="MEOX2">MEOX2</a></li>
<li><a href="Homeobox" title="Homeobox">Homeobox</a>
<ul><li><a href="Homeobox_A1" title="Homeobox A1">A1</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA2" title="HOXA2">A2</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA3" title="HOXA3">A3</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA4" title="HOXA4">A4</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA5" title="HOXA5">A5</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA7" title="HOXA7">A7</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA9" title="HOXA9">A9</a></li>
<li><a href="Homeobox_A10" title="Homeobox A10">A10</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA11" title="HOXA11">A11</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXA13" title="HOXA13">A13</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB1" title="HOXB1">B1</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB2" title="HOXB2">B2</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB3" title="HOXB3">B3</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB4" title="HOXB4">B4</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB5" title="HOXB5">B5</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB6" title="HOXB6">B6</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB7" title="HOXB7">B7</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB8" title="HOXB8">B8</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB9" title="HOXB9">B9</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXB13" title="HOXB13">B13</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC4" title="HOXC4">C4</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC5" title="HOXC5">C5</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC6" title="HOXC6">C6</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC8" title="HOXC8">C8</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC9" title="HOXC9">C9</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC10" title="HOXC10">C10</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC11" title="HOXC11">C11</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC12" title="HOXC12">C12</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXC13" title="HOXC13">C13</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD1" title="HOXD1">D1</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD3" title="HOXD3">D3</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD4" title="HOXD4">D4</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD8" title="HOXD8">D8</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD9" title="HOXD9">D9</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD10" title="HOXD10">D10</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD11" title="HOXD11">D11</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD12" title="HOXD12">D12</a></li>
<li><a href="HOXD13" title="HOXD13">D13</a></li></ul></li>
<li>GBX1</li>
<li><a href="GBX2" title="GBX2">GBX2</a></li>
<li><a href="MNX1" title="MNX1">MNX1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>metaHOX</i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>NK-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>BARHL1</li>
<li><a href="BARHL2" title="BARHL2">BARHL2</a></li>
<li>BARX1</li>
<li>BARX2</li>
<li><a href="Brain-specific_homeobox" title="Brain-specific homeobox">BSX</a></li>
<li><i>DBX</i>
<ul><li><a href="DBX1" title="DBX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="DBX2" title="DBX2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="DLX_gene_family" title="DLX gene family">DLX</a>
<ul><li><a href="DLX1" title="DLX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="DLX2" title="DLX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="DLX3_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="DLX3 (gene)">3</a></li>
<li><a href="DLX4" title="DLX4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="DLX5" title="DLX5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="DLX6" title="DLX6">6</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="EMX_homeogene" title="EMX homeogene">EMX</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="EMX1" title="EMX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="EMX2" title="EMX2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>EN</i>
<ul><li><a href="EN1_(gene)" title="EN1 (gene)">1</a></li>
<li><a href="EN2_(gene)" title="EN2 (gene)">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HHEX" title="HHEX">HHEX</a></li>
<li><a href="HLX_(gene)" title="HLX (gene)">HLX</a></li>
<li><a href="LBX1" title="LBX1">LBX1</a></li>
<li><a href="LBX2" title="LBX2">LBX2</a></li>
<li><i>MSX</i>
<ul><li><a href="MSX1" class="mw-redirect" title="MSX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="Msh_homeobox_2" title="Msh homeobox 2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Homeobox_protein_NANOG" title="Homeobox protein NANOG">NANOG</a></li>
<li><a href="NKX-homeodomain_factor" title="NKX-homeodomain factor">NKX</a>
<ul><li><a href="NK2_homeobox_1" title="NK2 homeobox 1">2-1</a></li>
<li><a href="NKX2-2" title="NKX2-2">2-2</a></li>
<li><a href="NKX2-3" title="NKX2-3">2-3</a></li>
<li><a href="Homeobox_protein_Nkx-2.5" title="Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5">2-5</a></li>
<li><a href="NKX3-1" title="NKX3-1">3-1</a></li>
<li><a href="NKX3-2" title="NKX3-2">3-2</a></li>
<li>HMX1</li>
<li>HMX2</li>
<li>HMX3</li>
<li><a href="NKX6-1" title="NKX6-1">6-1</a></li>
<li><a href="NKX6-2" title="NKX6-2">6-2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Notochord_homeobox_(NOTO)_gene" title="Notochord homeobox (NOTO) gene">NOTO</a></li>
<li><a href="TLX1" title="TLX1">TLX1</a></li>
<li><a href="TLX2" title="TLX2">TLX2</a></li>
<li><a href="TLX3" title="TLX3">TLX3</a></li>
<li><a href="VAX1" title="VAX1">VAX1</a></li>
<li>VAX2</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aristaless_related_homeobox" title="Aristaless related homeobox">ARX</a></li>
<li><a href="CRX_(gene)" title="CRX (gene)">CRX</a></li>
<li><a href="CUTL1" title="CUTL1">CUTL1</a></li>
<li><i>FHL</i>
<ul><li><a href="FHL1" title="FHL1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="FHL2" title="FHL2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="FHL3" title="FHL3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HESX1" title="HESX1">HESX1</a></li>
<li><a href="HOPX" title="HOPX">HOPX</a></li>
<li><i>LMX</i>
<ul><li><a href="LMX1A" title="LMX1A">1A</a></li>
<li><a href="LMX1B" title="LMX1B">1B</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="NOBOX" title="NOBOX">NOBOX</a></li>
<li>TALE
<ul><li><a href="Iroquois_homeobox_factor" title="Iroquois homeobox factor">IRX</a>
<ul><li><a href="IRX1" title="IRX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="IRX2" title="IRX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="IRX3" title="IRX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="IRX4" title="IRX4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="IRX5" title="IRX5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="IRX6" title="IRX6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="MKX" title="MKX">MKX</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>MEIS</i>
<ul><li><a href="MEIS1" title="MEIS1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="MEIS2" title="MEIS2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>PBX</i>
<ul><li><a href="PBX1" title="PBX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PBX2" title="PBX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="PBX3" title="PBX3">3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>PKNOX</i>
<ul><li><a href="PKNOX1" title="PKNOX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PKNOX2" title="PKNOX2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>SIX</i>
<ul><li><a href="SIX1" class="mw-redirect" title="SIX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="SIX2" title="SIX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="SIX3" title="SIX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="SIX4" title="SIX4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="SIX5" title="SIX5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><i>PHF</i>
<ul><li><a href="PHF1" title="PHF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF3" title="PHF3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF6" title="PHF6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF8" title="PHF8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF10" title="PHF10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF16" title="PHF16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF17" class="mw-redirect" title="PHF17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF20" title="PHF20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="PHF21A" title="PHF21A">21A</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="POU_domain" title="POU domain">POU domain</a>
<ul><li><a href="Pituitary-specific_positive_transcription_factor_1" title="Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1">PIT-1</a></li>
<li><a href="BRN-3" title="BRN-3">BRN-3</a>: <a href="POU4F1" title="POU4F1">A</a></li>
<li><a href="POU4F2" title="POU4F2">B</a></li>
<li><a href="POU4F3" title="POU4F3">C</a></li>
<li><a href="Octamer_transcription_factor" title="Octamer transcription factor">Octamer transcription factor</a>: <a href="POU2F1" title="POU2F1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="Oct-2" title="Oct-2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="Oct-4" title="Oct-4">3/4</a></li>
<li><a href="POU3F1" title="POU3F1">6</a></li>
<li><a href="POU3F2" title="POU3F2">7</a></li>
<li><a href="POU3F4" title="POU3F4">11</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="SATB2" title="SATB2">SATB2</a></li>
<li><i>ZEB</i>
<ul><li><a href="ZEB1" title="ZEB1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="ZEB2" title="ZEB2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.2) Paired box</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pax_genes" title="Pax genes">PAX</a>
<ul><li><a href="PAX1" title="PAX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX2" title="PAX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX3" title="PAX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX4" title="PAX4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX5" title="PAX5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX6" title="PAX6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX7" title="PAX7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX8" title="PAX8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="PAX9" title="PAX9">9</a></li></ul></li>
<li>PRRX
<ul><li><a href="PRRX1" title="PRRX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PRRX2" title="PRRX2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="PROP1" title="PROP1">PROP1</a></li>
<li><i>PHOX</i>
<ul><li><a href="PHOX2A" title="PHOX2A">2A</a></li>
<li><a href="PHOX2B" title="PHOX2B">2B</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Retinal_homeobox_protein_Rx" title="Retinal homeobox protein Rx">RAX</a></li>
<li><a href="Short-stature_homeobox_gene" title="Short-stature homeobox gene">SHOX</a></li>
<li><a href="SHOX2" title="SHOX2">SHOX2</a></li>
<li><a href="VSX1" title="VSX1">VSX1</a></li>
<li><a href="VSX2" title="VSX2">VSX2</a></li>
<li><a href="Bicoid_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicoid (gene)">Bicoid</a>
<ul><li><a href="Goosecoid_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Goosecoid protein">GSC</a></li>
<li><a href="BICD2" title="BICD2">BICD2</a></li>
<li><i>OTX</i>
<ul><li><a href="OTX1" title="OTX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="Orthodenticle_homeobox_2" title="Orthodenticle homeobox 2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>PITX</i>
<ul><li><a href="PITX1" title="PITX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="PITX2" title="PITX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="PITX3" title="PITX3">3</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.3)</i> <a href="FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">Fork head</a> / <a href="Winged-helix_transcription_factors" title="Winged-helix transcription factors">winged helix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="E2F" title="E2F">E2F</a>
<ul><li><a href="E2F1" title="E2F1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="E2F2" title="E2F2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="E2F3" title="E2F3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="E2F4" title="E2F4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="E2F5" title="E2F5">5</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">FOX proteins</a>
<ul><li><a href="FOXA1" title="FOXA1">A1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXA2" title="FOXA2">A2</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXA3" title="FOXA3">A3</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXB1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXB1">B1</a></li>
<li>B2</li>
<li><a href="Forkhead_box_C1" title="Forkhead box C1">C1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXC2" title="FOXC2">C2</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXD1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXD1">D1</a></li>
<li>D2</li>
<li><a href="FOXD3" title="FOXD3">D3</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXD4" title="FOXD4">D4</a></li>
<li>D4L1</li>
<li>D4L3</li>
<li>D4L4</li>
<li>D4L5</li>
<li>D4L6</li>
<li><a href="FOXE1" title="FOXE1">E1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXE3" title="FOXE3">E3</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXF1" title="FOXF1">F1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXF2" title="FOXF2">F2</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXG1" title="FOXG1">G1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXH1" title="FOXH1">H1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXI1" title="FOXI1">I1</a></li>
<li>I2</li>
<li><a href="FOXI3" title="FOXI3">I3</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXJ1" title="FOXJ1">J1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXJ2" title="FOXJ2">J2</a></li>
<li>J3</li>
<li><a href="FOXK1" title="FOXK1">K1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXK2" title="FOXK2">K2</a></li>
<li>L1</li>
<li><a href="Forkhead_box_L2" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhead box L2">L2</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXM1" title="FOXM1">M1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXN1" title="FOXN1">N1</a></li>
<li>N2</li>
<li><a href="FOXN3" title="FOXN3">N3</a></li>
<li>N4</li>
<li><a href="FOXO1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXO1">O1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXO3" title="FOXO3">O3</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXO4" title="FOXO4">O4</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXO6" title="FOXO6">O6</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXP1" title="FOXP1">P1</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXP2" title="FOXP2">P2</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXP3" title="FOXP3">P3</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXP4" title="FOXP4">P4</a></li>
<li><a href="FOXQ1" title="FOXQ1">Q1</a></li>
<li>R1</li>
<li>R2</li>
<li><a href="FOXS1" title="FOXS1">S1</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.4)</i> <a href="Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">Heat shock factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">HSF</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="HSF1" class="mw-redirect" title="HSF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HSF2" title="HSF2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="HSF4" title="HSF4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.5) Tryptophan clusters</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>ELF</i>
<ul><li><a href="ELF2" title="ELF2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ELF4" title="ELF4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="ELF5" title="ELF5">5</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="EHF_(gene)" title="EHF (gene)">EHF</a></li>
<li><i>ELK</i>
<ul><li><a href="ELK1" title="ELK1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="ELK3" title="ELK3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="ELK4" title="ELK4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="ERF_(gene)" title="ERF (gene)">ERF</a></li>
<li><a href="ETS_transcription_factor_family" title="ETS transcription factor family">ETS</a>
<ul><li><a href="ETS1" title="ETS1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="ETS2" title="ETS2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ERG_(gene)" title="ERG (gene)">ERG</a></li>
<li><a href="SPIB" title="SPIB">SPIB</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>ETV</i>
<ul><li><a href="ETV1" title="ETV1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="ETV4" title="ETV4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="ERM_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="ERM transcription factor">5</a></li>
<li><a href="ETV6" title="ETV6">6</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="FLI1" title="FLI1">FLI1</a></li>
<li><a href="Interferon_regulatory_factors" title="Interferon regulatory factors">Interferon regulatory factors</a>
<ul><li><a href="IRF1" title="IRF1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF2" title="IRF2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF3" title="IRF3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF4" title="IRF4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF5" title="IRF5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF6" title="IRF6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF7" title="IRF7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="IRF8" title="IRF8">8</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MYB_(gene)" title="MYB (gene)">MYB</a></li>
<li><a href="MYBL2" title="MYBL2">MYBL2</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.6) TEA domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>transcriptional enhancer factor</i>
<ul><li><a href="TEAD1" title="TEAD1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="TEAD2" title="TEAD2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="TEAD3" title="TEAD3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="TEAD4" title="TEAD4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(4)_β-Scaffold_factors_with_minor_groove_contacts178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(4) <i>β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.1)</i> <a href="Rel_homology_domain" title="Rel homology domain">Rel homology region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a>
<ul><li><a href="NFKB1" title="NFKB1">NFKB1</a></li>
<li><a href="NFKB2" title="NFKB2">NFKB2</a></li>
<li><a href="REL" title="REL">REL</a></li>
<li><a href="RELA" title="RELA">RELA</a></li>
<li><a href="RELB" title="RELB">RELB</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="NFAT" title="NFAT">NFAT</a>
<ul><li><a href="NFATC1" title="NFATC1">C1</a></li>
<li><a href="NFATC2" title="NFATC2">C2</a></li>
<li><a href="NFATC3" title="NFATC3">C3</a></li>
<li><a href="NFATC4" title="NFATC4">C4</a></li>
<li><a href="NFAT5" title="NFAT5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.2)</i> <a href="STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a>
<ul><li><a href="STAT1" title="STAT1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="STAT2" title="STAT2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="STAT3" title="STAT3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="STAT4" title="STAT4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="STAT5" title="STAT5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="STAT6" title="STAT6">6</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.3) p53-like</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="P53_p63_p73_family" title="P53 p63 p73 family">p53 p63 p73 family</a>
<ul><li><a href="P53" title="P53">p53</a></li>
<li><a href="TP63" title="TP63">TP63</a></li>
<li><a href="P73" title="P73">p73</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="T-box" title="T-box">TBX</a>
<ul><li><a href="TBX1" title="TBX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="TBX2" title="TBX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="TBX3" title="TBX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="TBX5_(gene)" title="TBX5 (gene)">5</a></li>
<li><a href="TBX19" title="TBX19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="TBX21" title="TBX21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="TBX22" title="TBX22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="TBR1" title="TBR1">TBR1</a></li>
<li><a href="Eomesodermin" title="Eomesodermin">TBR2</a></li>
<li><a href="Brachyury" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachyury">TFT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Myelin_regulatory_factor" title="Myelin regulatory factor">MYRF</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.4)</i> <a href="MADS-box" title="MADS-box">MADS box</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mef2" title="Mef2">Mef2</a>
<ul><li><a href="Myocyte-specific_enhancer_factor_2A" title="Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A">A</a></li>
<li><a href="MEF2B" title="MEF2B">B</a></li>
<li><a href="MEF2C" title="MEF2C">C</a></li>
<li><a href="MEF2D" title="MEF2D">D</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Serum_response_factor" title="Serum response factor">SRF</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.6)</i> <a href="TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TATA-binding proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TBP</a></li>
<li><a href="TBPL1" title="TBPL1">TBPL1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.7)</i> <a href="High-mobility_group" title="High-mobility group">High-mobility group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="BBX_(gene)" title="BBX (gene)">BBX</a></li>
<li><a href="HMG-box" title="HMG-box">HMGB</a>
<ul><li><a href="HMGB1" title="HMGB1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGB2" title="HMGB2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGB3" title="HMGB3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGB4" title="HMGB4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HMGN" title="HMGN">HMGN</a>
<ul><li><a href="HMGN1" title="HMGN1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGN2" title="HMGN2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGN3" title="HMGN3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGN4" title="HMGN4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>HNF</i>
<ul><li><a href="HNF1A" title="HNF1A">1A</a></li>
<li><a href="HNF1B" title="HNF1B">1B</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="SOX_gene_family" title="SOX gene family">SOX</a>
<ul><li><a href="SOX1" title="SOX1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX2" title="SOX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX3" title="SOX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX4" title="SOX4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX5" title="SOX5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX6" title="SOX6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX8" title="SOX8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX9" title="SOX9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX10" title="SOX10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX11" title="SOX11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX12" title="SOX12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX13" title="SOX13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX14" title="SOX14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX15" title="SOX15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX17" title="SOX17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX18" title="SOX18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="SOX21" title="SOX21">21</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Testis_determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis determining factor">SRY</a></li>
<li><a href="Structure_specific_recognition_protein_1" title="Structure specific recognition protein 1">SSRP1</a></li>
<li><a href="TCF/LEF_family" title="TCF/LEF family">TCF/LEF</a>
<ul><li><i>TCF</i>
<ul><li><a href="TCF7" title="TCF7">1</a></li>
<li><a href="TCF3" title="TCF3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="TCF7L2" title="TCF7L2">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Lymphoid_enhancer-binding_factor_1" title="Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1">LEF1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i>TOX</i>
<ul><li><a href="TOX" title="TOX">1</a></li>
<li><a href="TOX2" title="TOX2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="TOX3" title="TOX3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="TOX4" title="TOX4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.9) Grainyhead</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="TFCP2" title="TFCP2">TFCP2</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.10) Cold-shock domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CSDA_(gene)" title="CSDA (gene)">CSDA</a></li>
<li><a href="Y_box_binding_protein_1" title="Y box binding protein 1">YBX1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.11) Runt</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Core_binding_factor" title="Core binding factor">CBF</a>
<ul><li><a href="CBFA2T2" title="CBFA2T2">CBFA2T2</a></li>
<li><a href="CBFA2T3" title="CBFA2T3">CBFA2T3</a></li>
<li><a href="RUNX1" title="RUNX1">RUNX1</a></li>
<li><a href="RUNX2" title="RUNX2">RUNX2</a></li>
<li><a href="RUNX3" title="RUNX3">RUNX3</a></li>
<li><a href="RUNX1T1" title="RUNX1T1">RUNX1T1</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(0)_Other_transcription_factors178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i> (0) Other transcription factors</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.2) HMGI(Y)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HMGA" title="HMGA">HMGA</a>
<ul><li><a href="HMGA1" title="HMGA1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="HMGA2" title="HMGA2">2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HBP1" title="HBP1">HBP1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.3)</i> <a href="Pocket_protein_family" title="Pocket protein family">Pocket domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Retinoblastoma_protein" title="Retinoblastoma protein">Rb</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoblastoma-like_protein_1" title="Retinoblastoma-like protein 1">RBL1</a></li>
<li><a href="Retinoblastoma-like_protein_2" title="Retinoblastoma-like protein 2">RBL2</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.5)</i> <a href="Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">AP-2</a><i>/</i><a href="Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a><i>-related factors</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">Apetala 2</a></li>
<li><a href="Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a></li>
<li><a href="B3_domain" title="B3 domain">B3</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.6) Miscellaneous</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>ARID</i>
<ul><li><a href="ARID1A" title="ARID1A">1A</a></li>
<li><a href="ARID1B" title="ARID1B">1B</a></li>
<li><a href="ARID2" title="ARID2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="ARID3A" title="ARID3A">3A</a></li>
<li><a href="ARID3B" title="ARID3B">3B</a></li>
<li><a href="ARID4A" title="ARID4A">4A</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Catabolite_activator_protein" title="Catabolite activator protein">CAP</a></li>
<li><i>IFI</i>
<ul><li><a href="IFI16" title="IFI16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="IFI35" title="IFI35">35</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MLL_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL (gene)">MLL</a>
<ul><li><a href="MLL2" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="MLL3" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="MLLT1" title="MLLT1">T1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MNDA" title="MNDA">MNDA</a></li>
<li><i>NFY</i>
<ul><li><a href="NFYA" title="NFYA">A</a></li>
<li><a href="NFYB" title="NFYB">B</a></li>
<li><a href="NFYC" title="NFYC">C</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Rho_factor" title="Rho factor">Rho</a>/<a href="Sigma_factor" title="Sigma factor">Sigma</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><i>see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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